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Evolution of olfactory receptors
Klempt, Petr ; Stopka, Pavel (advisor) ; Vinkler, Michal (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the largest gene family of mammals which encode olfactory receptors. Olfactory receptors fall in rhodopsin-like GPCRs subfamily, approximately 600 - 800 millions of years old. At least from this time, olfactory receptors play, as a part of one of the oldest senses (smell), fundamental role in detection of chemical cues from water or air. This work summarizes large repertoire of olfactory receptors and its changes during the evolution of important animal taxons with emphasis on number and fraction of functional and nonfunctional olfactory receptor genes. Those values are part of criteria used for olfactory ability of animals. Olfactory receptors are typically placed on surface of sensory neuron placed in olfactory epithelium, where they bind various odorants and triggers signal cascade which leads to neuron's membrane depolarization. Therefore, about one half of this work summarizes knowledge of olfactory receptor's molecular biology like their structure, main parts of signal cascade (Gαolf, ACIII, CNG channel, Ca2+ dependent Cl- channel) just as parts needed for steady-state establishment. Expression of olfactory receptors detected in amount of non-olfactory tissues (mussels, sperm, brain etc.), indicate possibly important biomedical roles of this receptors.
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Somatic work: How people relate to the olfactory experience with the example of foreigners in the CR.
Zídková, Kateřina ; Spalová, Barbora (advisor) ; Tesárek, Jan (referee)
This thesis is dealing with the sense of smell and how do we relate to it in our social lives. I was looking into the mechanics of somatic work. It is a term defined by Vannini and Waskul (2008) as a process whereby a somatic perception undergoes a reflexive interpretation. Somatic perception isn't something that just happens, it is actually a process which yield to socialization. On the basis of 8 qualitative interviews and 5 consequential smell diaries using the hermeneutic analysis I identified, how and in which situations do foreigners in the Czech Republic work with their sense of smell and olfactory experience. It is mostly in situations connected with food, places, nature and people. Each of these situations I examine in a separated chapter. Somatic work is being done in compliance with social norms. Within these social norms rules for handling odors are negotiated. So, I also looked into how these social norms function in connection with smells. I also described, how odors relate to memory and what meanings do people connect with it.
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Creating snoezelen room for pupils with severe mental and combined disabilities
Hůrková, Lucie ; Volemanová, Marja Annemiek (advisor) ; Šumníková, Pavlína (referee)
The thesis deals with the creation of Snoezelen room, its characteristics and properties. He is more closely involved with the creation of snoezelen for pupils with mental and combined disabilities who are trained in special primary schools. The work describes the target group, defines the snoezelen method and describes its origin and development in our country and abroad. The main goal of the thesis is to explain to the reader how the rooms are created and what it is necessary to know before deciding to launch the snoezelen room. This information was used mainly by special teachers who operate snoezelena in facilities where they work in schools. The thesis also touches on the topic of education at special schools, methods of working with these pupils and describes types of expressive therapies, therapies, basal stimulation and sensory stimulation. The thesis also reflects the Snoezelen-MSE qualification course in theory and practice, which was the main source. The output of the thesis is a proposed room model, description of equipment and activities that are suitable for working with disadvantaged pupils.
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Olfactory marketing - the usage of natural and artificially spread aroma in retail stores selling natural cosmetics
Plachá, Linda ; Jesenský, Daniel (advisor) ; Koudelková, Petra (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Olfactory marketing - The usage of natural and artificially propagated aroma in retail stores of natural cosmetic products" deals with the usage of olfactory marketing in the field of business and its influence on the customer. Thesis will be divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The first chapter in the theoretical part, which deals with the brief characteristics and analysis of the current situation of in-store marketing, is an introduction to the theme of the whole work. The second chapter deals with the physiology of smell and emotional memory, which enables in-store marketing to use olfactus as a tool for effective sales promotion. History, principles and olfactory marketing in general are discussed in the last chapter of the theoretical part of this bachelor thesis. In this chapter, the text author deals in with the differences between artificially propagated and naturally fading smells at the point of sale. Olfactory marketing is belong to neuromarketing. Sensory marketing use human senses - taste, smell, sight and hearing. The practical part of the bachelor thesis is divided into four chapters. Each part deals with one of the examined brands and their shops. Chapters contain a brief description of selected brands - history, principles and ideas of the...
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Olfactory marketing and its sales impact
Šimáčková, Pavla ; Vranka, Marek (advisor) ; Zezulková, Markéta (referee)
The Bachelor's Thesis entitled "Olfactory marketing and its sales impact" addresses the marketing possibilities of our olfactory sense utilisation in marketing. This Thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is supposed to put the readers in the context of the field. It tries to provide the readers with sensory marketing overview since the olfactory marketing is its subcategory. This theoretical part of Thesis includes concepts relating to human sensory perception, a definition of sensory marketing and short description of sensory marketing evolution in history and also nowadays. This chapter is concluded with description of human senses marketing utilisation. The second part is dedicated to olfactory marketing itself. It includes a definiton and also describes a human scent perception and scent impact on human emotions and memory. The olfactory marketing in history and current olfactory marketing utilisation in practice is mentioned, too. An analysis of factors impacting olfactory marketing effectivity and case studies proving positive olfactory marketing impact on sales are the pivotal points of this chapter. Olfactory marketing instruments and their approximate price are also mentioned. All the knowledge coming from the theoretical part will be used in practical part of the Thesis. The...
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Association between olfactory and cognitive abilities in elderly individuals
Babuská, Anna ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Vodička, Jan (referee)
During the process of aging, the human mental and physical abilities decline. Olfactory abilities are not an exception. A significant decrease of olfactory capabilities in patients with Parkinson's disease was firstly observed a few decades ago. After the discovery of the relationship between olfactory abilities and cognitive abilities in patients with neurodegenerative disease, the same relationship was also found in healthy aging people. It seems that the factors causing the decline of cognition foremost affect the olfactory functions. A number of studies suggests, that this could lead to a possibility of prediction of the future cognitive decline through the assessment of olfactory decline. Our research followed the results of these studies as a part of the NANOK study. Testing of the smell abilities was done in 2014 and 2015. Participants were screened with the Sniffin 'Sticks. Cognitive functions were tested with an extensive battery of cognitive tests. The processiong of data was divided into two parts. In the first part we tested the olfactory identification and discrimination relationship with the general cognitive abilities and the level of the executive functions. In the second part we tested the possibility of prediction of cognitive functions using the smell identification and discrimination...
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Evolution of olfactory receptors
Klempt, Petr ; Stopka, Pavel (advisor) ; Vinkler, Michal (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the largest gene family of mammals which encode olfactory receptors. Olfactory receptors fall in rhodopsin-like GPCRs subfamily, approximately 600 - 800 millions of years old. At least from this time, olfactory receptors play, as a part of one of the oldest senses (smell), fundamental role in detection of chemical cues from water or air. This work summarizes large repertoire of olfactory receptors and its changes during the evolution of important animal taxons with emphasis on number and fraction of functional and nonfunctional olfactory receptor genes. Those values are part of criteria used for olfactory ability of animals. Olfactory receptors are typically placed on surface of sensory neuron placed in olfactory epithelium, where they bind various odorants and triggers signal cascade which leads to neuron's membrane depolarization. Therefore, about one half of this work summarizes knowledge of olfactory receptor's molecular biology like their structure, main parts of signal cascade (Gαolf, ACIII, CNG channel, Ca2+ dependent Cl- channel) just as parts needed for steady-state establishment. Expression of olfactory receptors detected in amount of non-olfactory tissues (mussels, sperm, brain etc.), indicate possibly important biomedical roles of this receptors.
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